INTERIOR DESIGN

INTERIOR DESIGN

Interior design describes a group of various yet related projects that involve turning an interior space into an effective setting for the range of human activities that are to take place there. An interior designer is someone who conducts such projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, liaising with the stakeholders of a project and the management and execution of the design.

Elsie De Wolfe has been credited with the creation of the interior decorating profession. Having successfully re-designed her own home, De Wolfe began offering her services to other people within her social circle. As people began offering interior decoration as a service the professionalization of this service gained momentum.

The Art Deco began in Europe in the early year of 20th but was not so popular until World WarⅠ. The team "Art Deco" was taken from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, which was a world’s fair held in Paris in 1925.Art Deco rejected many traditional classical influences in favour of more streamlined, geometric forms and metallic color. The Art Deco style influenced all areas of design, especially for interior design, because it was the first truly modern style of interior decoration in its use of new technologies and materials. This article will analysis the main features of Art Deco style in interior design by focus on the structure, material and color, and also will mentions the Art Deco style in furniture and lighting design which are the two indispensable parts of interior design.Art Deco style is mainly structured on mathematical geometric shapes, the most common being triangles, rectangles, circles and squares. The elegant and strong geometric forms consist of well-defined lines that provide clean shapes. The streamlined or curvilinear geometric shapes including stepped shapes, sweeping curves and rounded corner emphasize the streamlining style.

DESIGN

It is the basis of interior decoration. It is the arrangement of line, direction, form, shape, colour, and texture and arranging them aesthetically and tastefully. It is of two types:-

(i)                 Structural design

(ii)               Decorative design

Structural design is suitable to the purpose for which the objects are made. All objects have structural design. It must fulfil the following requirements:

a)      Design must be suited to its purpose

b)      It must have correct proportions

c)      It must be simple

d)     The material used must be suitable to its purpose.

Decorative design makes the structural design more beautiful .A design added to increase the beauty of an article is called decorative design. It requires:

a)      Decoration must be used in moderation

b)      It should be placed at structural points to strengthen the shape of the object

c)      It should enrich and not interfere with the structural design.

A design should not only be beautiful but also have individuality, character, style and utility e.g.-chair.

DECOR

It is the end result of the finished scheme of decoration.

The creation of any décor is guided by certain principles and implemented using elements of design.

Elements of Art

Design elements are the basic units of a visual image. These elements include:

The 3 F's

Form follows function is known as the 3 f's of Design. Form refers to what something looks like, and function refers to how it works.

Space

Space is the area provided for a particular purpose. It may have two dimensions (length and width), such as a floor, or it may have three dimensions (length, width, and height). Space includes the background, foreground and middle ground. Space refers to the distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece. There are two types of space: positive and negative space. Positive space refers to the space of a shape representing the subject matter. Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter.

Line

Line is the basic element that refers to the continuous movement of a point along a surface, such as by a pencil or brush. The edges of shapes and forms also create lines. It is the basic component of a shape drawn on paper. Lines and curves are the basic building blocks of two dimensional shapes like a house's plan. Every line has length, thickness, and direction. There are curved, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, zigzag, wavy, parallel, dash, and dotted lines.

Color

Color is seen either by the way light reflects off a surface, or in colored light sources. Color and particularly contrasting color is also used to draw the attention to a particular part of the image. There are primary colors, secondary colors, and tertiary colors. Complementary colors are colors that are opposite to each other on the color wheel. Complementary colors are used to create contrast. Analogous colors are colors that are found side by side on the color wheel. These can be used to create color harmony. Monochromatic colors are tints and shades of one color. Warm colors are a group of colors that consist of reds, yellows, and oranges. Cool colors are group of colors that consist of purples, greens, and blues.

Shape

A shape is defined as an area that stands out from the space next to or around it due to a defined or implied boundary, or because of differences of value, color, or texture.Shapes can also show perspective by overlapping. They can be geometric or organic. Shapes in house decor and interior design can be used to add interest, style, theme to a design like a door. Shape in interior design depends on the function of the object like a kitchen cabinet door. Natural shapes forming patterns on wood or stone may help increase visual appeal in interior design. In a landscape, natural shapes, such as trees contrast with geometric such as houses.

Texture

Texture is perceived surface quality. In art, there are two types of texture: tactile and implied. Tactile texture (real texture) is the way the surface of an object actually feels. Examples of this include sandpaper, cotton balls, tree bark, puppy fur, etc. Implied texture is the way the surface of an object looks like it feels. The texture may look rough, fizzy, gritty, but cannot actually be felt. This type of texture is used by artists when drawing or painting.

Form

Form is any three dimensional object. Form can be measured, from top to bottom (height), side to side (width), and from back to front (depth). Form is also defined by light and dark. There are two types of form, geometric (man-made) and natural (organic form). Form may be created by the combining of two or more shapes. It may be enhanced by tone, texture and color. It can be illustrated or constructed.

Value

Value is an element of art that refers to the relationship between light and dark on a surface or object and also helps with Form. It gives objects depth and perception. Value is also referred to as tone.

Principles of Design

·         Unity

• Repetition
• Continuation
• Closure

·         Emphasis /Focal Point

• Contrast
• Isolation
• Placement
• Absence of focal point

·         Balance

Symmetrical

Asymmetrical

Radial

All over pattern

·         Proportion /Scale

·         Variety

Contrast

• Movement

Your eye is moved again and again throughout the artwork.

• Rhythm/Pattern

And the polar opposite principles:

• Harmony